Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, the spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are produced. It is characterized by the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells, which can accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of other blood cells, including red blood cells and platelets.
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Leukemia can be classified into four main types based on the type of blood cell affected:
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1. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): affects the white blood cells called lymphoblasts.
2. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML): affects the white blood cells called myeloblasts.
3. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): affects the white blood cells called lymphocytes.
4. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): affects the white blood cells called myeloid cells.

The symptoms of leukemia can vary depending on the type and stage of the disease, but may include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, frequent infections, fever, swollen lymph nodes, easy bruising or bleeding, and weight loss.

Leukemia is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and other imaging studies.

Treatment for leukemia depends on the type and stage of the disease. It may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. The goal of treatment is to eliminate the abnormal blood cells and allow
healthy cells to grow and function normally. With proper treatment, many people with leukemia can achieve long-term remission or even be cured.