What is myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)?
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of disorders caused by poorly formed blood cells or cells that don't work properly. MDS is a type of cancer.
In a healthy person, the bone marrow—the soft, sponge-like tissue in the center of most bones—makes new blood cells, including:
1. White blood cells to fight infections.
2. Red blood cells to carry oxygen.
3. Platelets to control bleeding.
In MDS, the bone marrow is not able to produce healthy blood cells. Instead, it makes abnormal cells that cannot function properly. Over time, more and more abnormal cells are made and these eventually crowd out the healthy cells leading to reduction in blood cell counts.
The exact cause of MDS is often unknown, but there are several factors that can increase the risk of developing the condition, including previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy, exposure to certain chemicals like tobacco smoke, pesticides and heavy metals, and certain blood conditions and genetic disorders.
In a healthy person, the bone marrow—the soft, sponge-like tissue in the center of most bones—makes new blood cells, including:
1. White blood cells to fight infections.
2. Red blood cells to carry oxygen.
3. Platelets to control bleeding.
In MDS, the bone marrow is not able to produce healthy blood cells. Instead, it makes abnormal cells that cannot function properly. Over time, more and more abnormal cells are made and these eventually crowd out the healthy cells leading to reduction in blood cell counts.
The exact cause of MDS is often unknown, but there are several factors that can increase the risk of developing the condition, including previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy, exposure to certain chemicals like tobacco smoke, pesticides and heavy metals, and certain blood conditions and genetic disorders.
What are the symptoms of MDS?
Symptoms of MDS can vary widely, depending on which type of blood cell is affected. For instance, a person with MDS that affects red blood cells may experience symptoms of anemia, such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. If MDS affects white blood cells, the person may have frequent infections. If it affects platelets, it can lead to easy bruising and excessive bleeding.
How is MDS diagnosed?
MDS is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, blood tests, and a bone marrow biopsy.
How is MDS treated?
Treatment for MDS depends on the severity of the disease and the health of the patient. Some patients may only need supportive care, such as blood transfusions, to help manage symptoms. Others may need more aggressive treatments, such as chemotherapy or a bone marrow transplant.
